Can someone explain the difference between Q-codes and regular CW abbreviations? I'm getting into Morse code and hearing lots of shorthand. I understand these come from when hams used CW to communicate, helping cut down on code that needed to be sent, and later found their way into voice communications for DXers and contesters. But what's the distinction between something like QTH versus just saying "HR" for "here"? Are there rules for when to use each type?

Q-codes are standardized three-letter groups beginning with Q, each having specific meaning. They can be questions when followed by a question mark, or statements without it. Regular CW abbreviations like HR, FB, OM are just shortened words - more casual and flexible in usage.

Prosigns are different again - letters strung together as one continuous symbol, like CQ for "calling any station" or AR for "end of message." In contests you'll also hear cut numbers - like using N for 9 instead of sending all five dits and dahs.

Don't use QN signals on phone nets - they're special ARRL signals for CW nets only, not casual conversation. Say it with words on phone. Stick to the common Q-codes and regular abbreviations for voice work.