I've been studying Part 97 and want to make sure I understand 97.119 correctly regarding station identification. Each amateur station must transmit its assigned call sign at the end of each communication and at least every 10 minutes during a communication, with no station allowed to transmit unidentified communications.

Specific scenarios I'm unsure about:

1. During a long ragchew that goes over 10 minutes - exactly when do I need to ID?
2. If I'm operating remote or through a repeater, are there additional ID requirements?
3. What about digital modes like FT8 or JS8 - do the normal ID rules apply?

The call sign must be transmitted with an authorized emission, either by CW (max 20 WPM when automatic) or phone emission in English. Are there any exceptions or special cases I should know about?

The 10-minute rule means you must identify at least every 10 minutes during communication to clearly make the source of transmissions known to receivers. So if you start talking at 2:00 PM, you must ID by 2:10 PM, then again by 2:20 PM, etc., regardless of conversation breaks.

For digital modes like FT8, the software typically handles automatic identification, but you're still responsible for compliance. Stations must identify at beginning, end, and every 10 minutes, with automated systems like repeaters following identification requirements using voice or Morse code. Check your software settings to ensure proper ID timing.

One thing that trips up new hams is thinking they only need to ID at the end of a QSO. No station may transmit unidentified communications or signals, or transmit any call sign not authorized to the station. This means every transmission needs to be identifiable to your call sign within the 10-minute window.