Amanda Garcia

ok so i just passed my general exam last week (finally after studying for like 3 months) and im starting to look into vanity callsigns. i have a technician class callsign right now that was assigned sequentially and honestly its fine but its kind of a mouthful and id love something shorter or maybe with my initials in it. from what i can tell the FCC has this application process through the ULS but i honestly cant figure out if i need to wait some amount of time before applying or if i can just do it now. also do you get to pick like any available callsign or is it more like a lottery thing? i saw something about 1x2 and 2x1 formats and now im even more confused about what im actually eligible for based on my license class. any help would be great, ive been lurking here for a while and you guys seem to actually know this stuff

nice work getting those 4, i know that last contact sweating feeling all too well lol. i keep a laminated checklist in the top pocket of my pack now, took me two embarrassing trips to get to that point. the random wire trick is actually something worth thinking about on purpose too, some guys swear by just carrying 50 feet of random wire and a tuner and calling it good instead of bothering with a specific cut dipole.

yeah that feeling of being late to every spot is super common when you first start using the clusters, dont worry about it too much. the trick honestly is to not watch DXwatch and QRZ at the same time, pick one and learn it well first. i use DXwatch filtered by band and then i set a region filter too so im not seeing spots from operators on the other side of the world for paths that dont work for me anyway. GridTracker is really good if you run WSJT-X for FT8, it overlays spots right on the map and highlights new entities for you which is pretty slick. for SSB and CW hunting though i mostly just keep a filtered DXwatch tab open and i added a browser alert for certain prefixes i need. some people swear by the DX Toolkit app on android, i tried it for a while and it was fine but i ended up going back to just the browser. the other thing nobody tells new hams is that a lot of those spots are wrong or the DX station has already moved by the time you see it, so dont just tune blind to a spotted freq, actually listen first and see if you hear the station before you join a pileup thats already over

so ive been using a cheap RTL-SDR v3 for probably two years now, mostly just poking around on VHF/UHF and occasionally trying to do some HF stuff with the direct sampling mode which honestly works okay for what it is but its clearly not amazing. i know the noise floor is rough and the dynamic range isnt great but for free basically it gets the job done for casual listening. anyway i keep reading that the SDRplay RSP1B or whatever the current one is makes a huge difference on HF especially, and im wondering if people who have actually used both can tell me if its noticeable enough to justify the cost. i think theyre around $120 USD now? my use case is mostly just monitoring ham bands, maybe some MW DXing in the winter, and id like to do some decoding stuff like FT8 reception and maybe WSPR. also curious if HackRF is even worth considering for receive-only use or if thats overkill and worse than the SDRplay for actual HF sensitivity. i see people talk about HackRF a lot but i think its more of a transmit/research thing than a serious receive setup?

nice work getting out there. i did my first one about a year ago and was completely terrified i was doing everything wrong the whole time lol. one thing i'll add about the APRS spotting, look up the RBNhole system too, if you're doing CW it can auto spot you from the reverse beacon network which is pretty slick and totally hands free. doesnt help for phone ops but just incase you ever go that route.

okay so the number one thing that helped me and i wish someone had told me this early on -- stop looking at the dots and dashes on paper. seriously just stop. you want to learn the sounds not the symbols. the Koch method is what most people recommend and theres a free program called LCWO dot net that walks you through it, you start with just two characters at full speed, like 20wpm or whatever, and you only add a new character when you can copy the ones you already know at like 90% accuracy. the idea is your brain learns to recognize the whole sound of a letter instead of counting dits and dahs which completely falls apart once things speed up. i also used the Morse Trainer app on my phone for practice during lunch breaks and stuff, even just 10 minutes a day adds up fast. it took me maybe 4 or 5 months of pretty consistent practice before i felt comfortable enough to make my first QSO and it was slow and painful but the other guy was patient lol. the slow speed nets are great for that, 13130 khz on 40 meters has one most evenings i think, people there expect beginners so dont be scared off

the RF noise from cheap generators is a real nightmare, we had the same issue a few years back. what we ended up doing was running the genny about 40 feet away from the operating position and using a long extension cord, then ran the whole thing through a good line filter. got it down to maybe S2 on a bad day which was manageable. but honestly if you can swing two 100ah lifepo4 packs youre probably fine for 14 hours depending on your actual duty cycle. if youre doing emcomm traffic handling youre not transmitting 100% of the time so the math usually works out better than you'd think. on the antenna question — ive used linked dipoles for field stuff for a couple years now and they're really hard to beat for the weight and simplicity. throw it up in an inverted V config with a 31 foot mast and youre good on 40, 20, and 15 without retuning if you build the links right. the buddipole is fine but every time ive used one in the field someone bumps it and it needs readjusting. just my experience.

the jump from a vertical collinear to a yagi for weak signal is night and day, not gonna lie. like it's not even close once you actually try it. the X50 is a great antenna for what it is but the pattern is omnidirectional obviously so you're spreading that signal everywhere instead of focusing it where you actually want it. even a modest 5 element yagi is going to give you 10+ dBd over your vertical when you're pointed at someone and that's not nothing. that said if you're mostly just hitting repeaters the yagi is kind of wasted energy unless you're trying to hit a distant one. the real fun starts when you get into SSB and meteor scatter and stuff like that. i built a 9 element out of some aluminum tubing from the hardware store a few years back following the DL6WU designs and it works great. total cost was maybe 40 bucks. the M2 stuff is nice but yeah the prices are rough right now. might be worth looking at homebrew if you're handy at all

congrats on the first one, those first 4 contacts feel really good dont they. for the sotadata logging question — mode doesnt matter in terms of splitting the log, you just enter each contact with whatever mode you used for that specific QSO. so if you worked 3 on SSB and 2 on CW just log each one with the right mode and it all goes in together under the same activation. the system handles it fine. the activation zone thing is a bit confusing at first but basically you need to be within 25 vertical meters of the actual summit to count the activation, which is almost always not an issue unless the summit has a big flat area near it. sounds like you were right on top so dont worry about it. on the alerting question — honestly posting an alert the night before or morning of makes a huge difference for getting chasers ready. a lot of us have sotawatch on our phones and check it before heading to the shack. self spotting once youre up there is great too but if nobody knows to look for you there might be a gap before the pile starts. do both if you can, it really helps especially for newer activators building up contacts.

the "what breaks first" question is easy — your home internet connection goes down and you have no way to reset the router remotely lol. ask me how i know. get a 4G backup or at minimum one of those smart plugs you can hit from your phone on a completely separate connection so you can power cycle stuff. learned that the hard way during a contest weekend and lost like 6 hours because my ISP had a node issue and my only option was to drive home. dont overthink the SDR remote side at first, just get the basic rig control working reliably before you start layering stuff on top of it

honestly for a DC receiver i wonder if a good active audio filter might get you further for less pain. ive got a little state variable filter i built from a TL072 running off the audio output and the difference is pretty dramatic, you can tune the Q and center frequency and for casual listening its hard to complain. not saying the crystal filter isnt worth doing, it probably is, just that the audio approach is way simpler to get working on a first try and you could have it done in an afternoon.

so ive been chasing LEO satellites for the past couple weekends and i honestly cant figure out if im doing something wrong or if my expectations are just way off. im using a vx-6r with a cheap arrow antenna, manually doppler correcting as best i can, and i can hear the downlink on SO-50 pretty clearly during good passes but nobody seems to hear me when i try to get in. like i can hear full qsos happening but my calls just vanish into the void. im tracking with heavens-above and gpredict on my laptop which is sitting next to me, so the azimuth and elevation data should be at least close. passes above maybe 30 degrees elevation i can hear fine. below that its pretty marginal but thats expected i think. my main question is whether the issue is likely power, my uplink doppler correction timing, antenna polarization, or just the learning curve of getting into a pile of people trying to hit the same FM bird at once. probably some combination of all of that but curious what experience people have had. also does anyone actually work AO-27 anymore or is that thing basically dead at this point

so ive been a tech for about 3 years and just upgraded to general last month and i really want to learn CW. not required anymore obviously but theres something about it that just pulls me in. ive been using an app on my phone to learn the characters and im at maybe 8-10 wpm copying but sending is a whole other story. i borrowed an old straight key from a club member to start with and honestly its harder than i expected to make consistent dits and dahs. my spacing is all over the place. someone at the club suggested i just skip straight to a paddle and iambic keyer but i dont know if thats good advice or if i should really get the straight key down first. also i have no idea what to look for in an entry level keyer, theres so many options and price ranges it's kind of overwhelming. any advice for someone starting basically from scratch here would be really appreciated

so im a relatively new tech who just upgraded to general back in june and ive been hearing a lot of people talk about CQ WW coming up and also ARRL Sweepstakes and honestly i dont even know what order things happen in or what would be a good first contest to try. my setup is pretty modest, just a dipole up about 25 feet and a used IC-7300 i picked up a few months ago which i love by the way. i tried to do a little bit of Field Day with my local club back in the summer and that was fun but kind of chaotic and i mostly just watched. i think i made like 4 contacts total over the whole weekend which felt embarrassing but everyone was really nice about it. anyway i guess my question is — is CQ WW too advanced for someone like me or should i just jump in and see what happens? also whats the deal with SOTA, is that a totally separate thing or does it count toward any of these contests?

okay so ive been licensed for about three months now and finally got a decent HT, a Baofeng UV-5R i know i know but its what i could afford right now. anyway theres a local 2m repeater listed in the directory and it says it needs a 100.0 Hz tone to access it. i programmed that in and i can hear people talking through it just fine but when i try to transmit nobody seems to respond or acknowledge me. im not sure if my tone is actually going out or if im just doing something wrong in the menu settings. the Baofeng menus are kind of a nightmare honestly. also i noticed sometimes people just start talking over each other on the repeater and i wasnt sure if thats normal or if theres supposed to be like a pause between transmissions? someone mentioned a courtesy beep but im not totally sure what that means. just trying to figure out the etiquette before i make a fool of myself. any help appreciated

yeah you basically got it right with the T-CTCS, thats your transmit tone which is what the repeater needs to hear from you before it opens up. the R-CTCS is a receive tone filter — it tells your radio to only unsquelch when it hears that specific tone coming back at you, which most people leave off unless theres interference or something. so your setup sounds correct honestly. for checking if youre getting into the repeater, easiest thing is to just key up and say your callsign and the word "testing" and then listen for the repeater tail — that little blip or kerchunk sound after you unkey. if you hear that, you made it in. some repeaters have a courtesy tone too, like a beep that tells you the transmission was received. if you dont hear anything at all after keying up, either the tone is off or youre not close enough or something else is going on with the offset. make sure your offset is set right too by the way, 2m repeaters are usually plus or minus 600 kHz and if its backwards youre transmitting on the output frequency instead of the input and the repeater will just ignore you

so ive been using N1MM for a while now mostly because thats what everyone told me to use when i started doing contests, and honestly for contests its great, no complaints there. but outside of contest season im finding it a bit clunky for just day to day logging, like if i work a DX station on 17m and want to add some notes or track a DXCC entity it feels like more work than it should be. been looking at Log4OM and it seems way more geared toward general station logging with the award tracking and all that. my question is really about WSJT-X integration because i run FT8 probably 4 or 5 nights a week and i dont want to be juggling two logs or having dupes showing up everywhere. does Log4OM handle the WSJT-X UDP feed as cleanly as N1MM does, or is there still weirdness with it. read some stuff online but half of it seems to be from like 2019 and im not sure how much has changed since then. also wondering if anyone just runs both and keeps them synced somehow, seems like a nightmare but maybe im overthinking it

I run both actually and have for a couple years now. Log4OM is my daily driver for everything casual, rag chews, DXCC chasing, the occasional digital session. The WSJT-X integration is honestly pretty solid if you set up the UDP logging correctly, it just shows up in real time without having to do the ADIF import dance you're describing. Took me like 20 minutes to configure the first time and then it just works. That said, I go back to N1MM the second a serious contest starts. No debate about it. The rate meter, the SO2R stuff if you run that, the way it handles dupe checking on the fly during a pileup, Log4OM just isnt there yet for that kind of pace. I've tried doing SS in Log4OM and it was fine at low rates but when things got busy i felt like i was fighting the software a little. might just be muscle memory from years of N1MM though, hard to say. but yeah two programs, two different jobs, and i've just accepted that's how it is for now.

dont stress too much about 1.8, i ran my first 40m dipole for two years at that SWR and worked plenty of stations. though i will say once i got it a little higher up — i was around 30 feet — it dropped down noticeably closer to resonance without changing anything else. height really does matter more than people think when youre that close to ground. also did you account for velocity factor when you cut the wire? not as much of a factor as with coax obviously but still worth checking your math

so ive been licensed for about 6 years now and done a fair bit of HF work, some weak signal VHF stuff on 2m, but EME has always been this thing on the back of my mind that seems completely out of reach and i dont really know why i keep putting it off. i think part of it is i genuinely dont know if my setup is even close to viable. right now i have a 7 element yagi for 2m and a solid preamp, running about 200 watts out of an old Kenwood. from what ive read youre basically looking at needing a big dish or a yagi array to make contacts but ive also seen people claim they worked the moon with modest setups using JT65B or whatever the current mode is. so whats actually realistic here. do i need to go full 4x11 element array or can i squeak by with what i have for at least a first contact, even if its only with the big guns on the other end doing all the heavy lifting also the EME delay thing, does the software handle that automatically or is that something you have to manually account for. i know the signal takes a little over 2 seconds round trip and i assume WSJT-X knows about this but im not totally sure

QMAP integration with WSJT-X provides automatic Doppler compensation which is particularly valuable on 1296 MHz and higher bands. The selectable T/R sequences (15,30,60,120,300 sec) and submodes allow optimization for specific path conditions. Still seeing plenty of JT65B activity though - not everyone has migrated yet.

okay so ive been wanting to get into ham radio for a while now, my neighbor is licensed and he keeps telling me to just go get my ticket already. so i finally decided to do it but honestly i have no idea where to start with the studying. i went on the FCC website and that was just confusing, then i found something called the question pool and theres like 400+ questions on there which is way more than i expected. do people actually memorize all of those or is there a trick to understanding the material so it makes more sense? also someone told me i should get the ARRL study guide but another person said i could just use a free website. im not a total dummy with electronics but im not like an engineer either, i know ohms law and basic stuff. just want to pass the test and get on the air without spending months grinding through textbooks if i can help it

so we ran a full scale simulated disaster exercise saturday — county EOC activated, the whole thing, about 14 operators across 3 sites plus a couple of mobile units. i've done these before but this one felt different because we actually had the served agency people there and they were asking real questions instead of just signing off on paperwork and going home. biggest thing i noticed was how fast things fell apart when we simulated the repeater going down. we had a backup frequency plan but honestly like half the guys either hadn't memorized it or couldn't find it in the moment. and im not pointing fingers because i fumbled around with my notes too before i remembered where we were supposed to go. also our net control guy was fantastic but when he had to step away briefly for like 10 minutes nobody had clearly been designated as backup and it got awkward on the air real fast. anyway i guess im just curious if other groups have found good ways to make sure operators actually internalize the backup plans instead of just having them written down somewhere. laminated cards? pre-programmed channels with agreed upon names? our group is talking about doing a shorter tabletop before the next full exercise to address some of this stuff. anyone done something similar?

im probably not the best person to ask since i only do FT8 and the occasional SSB ragchew but for what its worth i just use Log4OM for everything and havent felt like i was missing much. never really got into contesting so N1MM always seemed like overkill for my use case. the WSJT-X integration with Log4OM was pretty painless to set up, theres a guide on the Log4OM site that walks through the UDP logging config and it just worked for me first try. though i will say the Log4OM interface took some getting used to, theres a lot going on and i wasnt sure where half the settings were for the first couple weeks

I had a mag mount doing something similar on my Tacoma and it turned out there was a thin coating of something on the roof -- like a clearcoat or wax buildup -- right where the magnet was sitting. Wiped it down harder and used a bit of fine steel wool very lightly just to get some bare metal contact and the SWR dropped right down. Not saying thats definitely your issue but worth trying before you start pulling connectors apart.